Calculate X raised to the power of Y (XY).
Exponentiation means multiplying a number (the base) by itself a certain number of times (the exponent).
X^Y = X x X x X x ... (Y times)
Examples:
2^10 = 1024 (2 multiplied by itself 10 times)
5^0 = 1 (any non-zero number to the power of 0 is 1)
3^-2 = 1/9 = 0.1111... (negative exponent means reciprocal)
0^0 is conventionally defined as 1 in many contexts.